Teach workers in manufacturing, construction and maintenance to spot struck-by, caught-between and stored-energy hazards and stay out of harm's way.
This critical safety training teaches workers across all industries to recognize and avoid "line of fire" hazards—situations where workers can be struck by moving objects, vehicles, equipment, or released energy. The program addresses one of the most common causes of serious workplace injuries and fatalities by helping employees identify when they are positioned in dangerous zones. Participants will learn to recognize the four main categories of line of fire hazards: struck-by hazards (falling objects, flying particles, moving vehicles), caught-in or caught-between hazards (machinery, equipment, or collapsing structures), release of hazardous energy (pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, or stored mechanical energy), and pinch point hazards. Workers will understand how to assess their work positioning and avoid placing themselves or others in harm's way. Topics include identifying line of fire zones around equipment and machinery, maintaining situational awareness in dynamic work environments, proper barricading and exclusion zones, safe positioning during lifting and rigging operations, lockout/tagout procedures to control hazardous energy, communication and coordination with other workers and equipment operators, and the critical importance of stopping work when line of fire hazards are identified. This training emphasizes that most line of fire incidents are preventable through awareness, planning, and safe positioning before beginning work tasks.
Line of fire training is needed by anyone who works near moving equipment, vehicles, suspended loads, power tools or stored energy. That includes manufacturing, construction, warehouse and maintenance workers. If objects in your work area could fall, fly, swing or release energy, line of fire awareness applies to you.
No single OSHA standard is titled "line of fire." Line of fire hazards fall under several OSHA rules in 29 CFR 1910 for general industry and 29 CFR 1926 for construction. Examples include machine guarding (1910 Subpart O), control of hazardous energy (1910.147) and head protection (1910.135).
The main types of line of fire hazards are struck-by, caught-in or caught-between, and the sudden release of hazardous energy. Struck-by incidents involve vehicles, falling objects or flying debris. Caught-between incidents involve machinery or shifting materials. Stored pressure, springs or electricity can release without warning and injure a worker.
Workers avoid line of fire injuries mainly by keeping situational awareness and positioning their bodies out of harm's way. Practical steps include staying clear of moving vehicles and suspended loads, wearing a hard hat where objects can fall, stacking materials securely, keeping machine guards in place, and locking out equipment before servicing.
Under OSHA's lockout/tagout standard, 29 CFR 1910.147, the employer is responsible for controlling hazardous energy. Employers must set up an energy control program, written procedures and employee training. Workers must follow those procedures and never bypass lockout devices or machine guards.
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